Dr. A. Akın DENIZCI, TUBITAK Marmara Research Centre, Turkey
Dr. Abdul WAHID, University of Agriculture, Pakistan
Dr. Alagarsamy Ramesh KUMAR, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India
Dr. Alenka TOFANT, University of Zagreb, Croatia
Dr. Aminur RAHMAN, Ocean Critters Ranch, Inc., USA
Dr. Anita TOSHEVA, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Bulgaria
Dr. Anna GANEVA, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria
Dr. As?m KADIOGLU, Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey
Dr. Attilio CONVERTI, University of Genoa, Italy
Dr. Aykut GUVENSEN, Ege University, Turkey
Dr. Azita HADDADI, Alberta University, Canada
Dr. Bakthavatsalam SUNDARARAJU, University of Georgia, Georgia-USA
Dr. Candan GURAKAN, Middle East Technical University, Turkey
Dr. Chandran RAVINDRAN, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, India
Dr. Cheruth Abdul JALEEL, Annamalai University, India
Dr. Daniel DELILLE, Universit? P. et M. Curie U.A., France
Dr. David PILBEAM, University of Leeds, UK
Dr. Ekachai CHUKEATIROTE, Mae Fah Luang University, Thailand
Dr. Fahrettin GUCIN, Fatih University, Turkey
Dr. Faiyaz SHAKEEL, Al-Arab Medical University, Libya
Dr. Ghazala Kaukab RAJA, University of Arid Agriculture, Pakistan
Dr. Gholamreza DEHGHAN, University of Tabriz, Iran
Dr. Govind Singh RAJWAR, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, India
Dr. Guillermina ABDALA, Universidad Nacional de R?o Cuarto, Argentina
Dr. Hasan AKAN, Harran University, Turkey
Dr. Homa HAJIMEHDIPOUR, Food and Drugs Laboratory Research Center, Iran
Dr. Hou-Rui ZHANG, Guangxi Institue of Botany, China
Dr. Indrikis KRAMS, University of Daugavpils, Latvia
Dr. Ismail KARABOZ, Ege University, Turkey
Dr. Janice GLIME, Michigan Technological University, USA
Dr. Klimentina DEMIREVSKA, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria
Dr. Leonardo Josi Gil BARCELLOS, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Brasil
Dr. Lokman ALPSOY, Fatih University, Turkey
Dr. M. Ibrahim RAJOKA, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Pakistan
Dr. Mehlika BENLI, Ankara University, Turkey
Dr. Mohamed IQBAL, University of Guelph, Canada
Dr. Muhammad FAROOQ, University of Agriculture, Pakistan
Dr. Muhammad IQBAL, University of Faisalabad, Pakistan
Dr. Murat BIRICIK, Dicle University, Turkey
Dr. Mustafa Fatih ABASIYANIK, Fatih University, Turkey
Dr. Mustafa ISILOGLU, Mugla University, Turkey
Dr. Nurettin SAHIN, Mugla University, Turkey
Dr. Praveen C. VERMA, National Botanical Research Institute, India
Dr. Rabih S. TALHOUK, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
Dr. Rahmatullah QURESHI, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Pakistan
Dr. Riadh KSOURI, Centre de Biotechnologie ? la Technopole de Borj-C?dria, Tunisia
Dr. Saisamorn LUMYONG, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
Dr. Satish C. GARKOTI, Jawaharlal Nehru University, India
Dr. Se-Jae KIM, Cheju National University, Korea
Dr. Seyed Mehdi RAZAVI, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran
Dr. Suleyman BASLAR, Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey
Dr. Suresh T. MATHEWS, Auburn University, AL-USA
Dr. Suriyan CHA-UM, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand
Dr. Tahar BOUTRAA, University of Taibah, Saudi Arabia
Dr. Wajid Aziz LOUN, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
Dr. Osman SAGDIC, Erciyes University, Turkey
Abstract
A novel type of circular single stranded satellite-like DNA, known as alphasatellite (formerly known as DNA 1, was recently characterized and demonstrated to be associated with the monopartite Begomoviruses. Alphasatellite components are satellite like single stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecules associated with Begomoviruses (Geminiviridae) that require the betasatellite molecule to induce authentic disease symptoms in some hosts. Betasatellite is essential for induction of characteristic symptoms in plants. The function of alphasatellite in Begomovirus betasatellite infections remains unclear. It has been suggested that alphasatellite components may act to down regulate the virus infection by competing for cellular resources. Interestingly, they are closely related to the helper dependent Rep-encoding components of nanoviruses (a second family of single stranded, plant infecting DNA viruses), from which they are presumed to have been evolved. Alphasatellite molecules have two major sequence features. Firstly the component encodes a replication-associated protein (Rep), which is required to initiate the rolling circle replication. Consequently alphasatellite components are capable of self replication in host cells but require the helper Begomovirus to spread both within and between host plants. The second feature is a region of sequence rich in adenine (a-rich). To investigate the function of the a-rich sequence, this was deleted from the CLCuD alphasatellite by PCR mediated amplification. The a-rich deleted mutant of the alphasatellite remained capable of replication and systemic infection in plants, in the presence of a helper begomovirus. This indicates thatthe a-rich region is not required for replication or maintenance in plants.
Keywords: Alphasatellite, Begomovirus, Geminivirus, Pakistan, whitefly.
Shahid MS, Ali L, Andleeb S (2009) The function of the a–rich region of the alphasatellite associated with the cotton leaf curl disease in Pakistan. EurAsia J BioSci 3, 19, 152-156.
DOI:10.5053/ejobios.2009.3.0.19
*Corresponding author: shafiqinayat@yahoo.com
The survival of two heterotrophic bacteria in conditions of various concentrations of NaCl was tested. Both bacteria can commonly enter marine environments through sewage or wastewater treatment plant effluents; the Escherichia coli is a common enteric bacterium and Acinetobacter junii is a phosphate-accumulating bacterium inhabiting activated sludge. When cultivated in nutrient rich media (COD 8700 mg O2 L-1), both bacteria were multiplying during 72 h at concentrations of NaCl up to 5% for E. coli and 3.5% for A. junii. Total die-off of E. coli was detected at 72 h by NaCl concentration of 20%. Total die-off of A. junii was detected at 72 h by NaCl concentration of 10%. When the same bacteria were cultured in nutrient depleted media (COD 90 mg O2 L-1), the multiplication of E. coli stopped at 3.5% of NaCl and higher, but the cells were able to survive for longer period of time at extreme NaCl concentrations of 20 and 30%. The negative influence of NaCl to A. junii was pronounced in conditions of organic matter shortage and rapid die-off was observed at 3.5% of NaCl and higher. Both bacteria seemed to be osmotolerant when cultured in nutrient-rich media, but not in nutrient-depleted media.
Keywords: Acinetobacter junii, bacteria, Escherichia coli, sodium chloride, survival.
Hrenovic J, Ivankovic T (2009) Survival of Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter junii at various concentrations of sodium chloride. EurAsia J BioSci 3, 18, 144-151.
DOI:10.5053/ejobios.2009.3.0.18
Despite its beneficial role in host defense mechanisms, excessive nitric oxide (NO) production by activated macrophages has been implicated in several inflammatory diseases. To clarify the mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory activities of Sargassum micracanthum, we evaluated whether extracts of S. micracanthum could modulate the production of NO by activated macrophages. S. micracanthum were extracted with 80% EtOH. The extract was then successively partitioned with hexane, CH2Cl2, EtOAc, BuOH, and water. The results indicate that the hexane and CH2Cl2 fractions of S. micracanthum extract were effective inhibitors of LPS-induced NO and prostaglandin 2 (PGE2) production in RAW 264.7 cells. The inhibitory effects of the hexane and CH2Cl2 fractions of S. micracanthum were accompanied by dose-dependent decreases in the production of iNOS and COX-2 proteins and iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression. To test the inhibitory effects of S. micracanthum fractions on other cytokines, we also performed ELISA and RT-PCR assays for TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. In these assays, the hexane and CH2Cl2 fractions of S. micracanthum produced dose-dependent decreases in the production and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. To test the potential application of S. micracanthum extract as a cosmetic material, we also performed MTT assays on human dermal fibroblast cells, as well as primary skin irritation tests. In these assays, S. micracanthum extracts did not induce any adverse reactions. Based on these results, we suggest that S. micracanthum extracts may be considered potential anti-inflammatory candidates for topical application.
Keywords: Brown algae, cosmetics, inflammation, primary skin irritation tests, Sargassum micracanthum.
Yoon W-J, Ham YM, Kim S-S, Yoo B-S, Moon J-Y, Baik JS, Lee NH, Hyun C-G (2009) Suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, iNOS, and COX-2 expression by brown algae Sargassum micracanthum in RAW 264.7 macrophages. EurAsia J BioSci 3, 17, 130-143.
DOI:10.5053/ejobios.2009.3.0.17
*Corresponding Author: E-mail: cghyun@jejuhidi.or.kr
The present work evaluates the effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Dendrosicyos socotrana and Jatropha unicostata on the viability of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces in vitro, and on the development of secondary hydatid cysts, in vivo. Three different concentrations of each leaf extract were used. Concentrations of 5000 and 1000 μg/mL, for D. socotrana and J. unicostata, respectively, were the most effective. They exhibited high protoscolicidal activities, and reduced significantly and/or stopped protoscolex viability. Oral and intraperitoneal administration of the extracts in white mice invoked certain inhibitory effects on the in vivo development of secondary hydatid cysts. These effects were compared with those of albendazole sulfoxide, which is used for treatment of hydatidosis.
Keywords: Dendrosicyos socotrana, Echinococcus, hydatidosis, Jatropha unicostata, Socotra Island.
Barzinji AKR, Mothana RA, Nasher AK (2009) Effect of leaf extracts of Dendrosicyos socotrana and Jatropha unicostata on the viability of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces. EurAsia J BioSci 3, 16, 122-129.
DOI:10.5053/ejobios.2009.3.0.16
*Corresponding author: karimnasher@yahoo.com
Typhoid is endemic and in most developing countries remains a public health problem. Due to an increasing resistance to antibiotics and the limited scope of the vaccine the requirement is to explore the efficacy of natural plant products in the treatment of this disease. In this study we have evaluated the aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula in connection with the oxidative stress generated in Swiss albino mice by Salmonella typhimurium. Mice pretreated through the oral route with the water extract of T. chebula at a dose of 500 mg/kg (T500) body wt for a period of 30 d exhibited a full protection against 1X105 Colony forming units (CFU) of S. typhimurium injected intraperitonially. Mice pretreated with T500 for a period of 30 d followed with 50000 CFU of S. typhimurium showed a decrease in Xanthine oxidase activity by 31% and an increase in both glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activity by 25% as compared to the infected saline treated control. The reduction in the oxidative stress indicated the effectiveness of the drug against S. typhimurium which can also be used against typhoid.
Keywords: Glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, Terminalia chebula, typhoid, xanthine oxidase.
Khan KH (2009) The effect of regular intake of Terminalia chebula on oxidative stress in mice originated from Salmonella typhimurium. EurAsia J BioSci 3, 15, 113-121.
DOI:10.5053/ejobios.2009.3.0.15
Genus Diplotaxis is represented by more than 20 species mainly distributed in the North Mediterranean. Out of these Diplotaxis tenuifolia (wild rocket) is used widely in Italian and French cuisine. It has also been used for medicinal purpose for different illnesses throughout the history. In this study the germination behaviour of the seeds of D. tenuifolia was investigated. The seeds were very sensitive to pH and salinity stress. The seed germination increased under daylight conditions reaching a level of 80%, but decreased in dark and continuous light. A remarkable increase was recorded (60%) in the germination of seeds subjected to +4oC shock for a week or two before left for germination. Pre-hydration followed by re-drying increased the germination to some extent (28%). These findings reveal that the storage conditions are important for establishing a seed bank of D. tenuifolia, in order to get highest germination.
Keywords: Breaking dormancy, cold stratification, drying-rehydration, germination, stress.
Sakcali MS, Serin M (2009) Seed germination behaviour of Diplotaxis tenuifolia. EurAsia J BioSci 3, 14, 107-112.
DOI:10.5053/ejobios.2009.3.0.14
*Corresponding author: ssakcali@fatih.edu.tr
The effects of heat stress at 37?C and 45?C for 8 h on the seedlings of Karacadag and Firat wheat cultivars differing in sensitivity was investigated by means of chlorophyll a fluorescence, photosynthetic pigment content and 2-D SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the thylakoid membrane. Heat stress inhibited chlorophyll accumulation at 45?C for 8 h and caused marked alterations in the chlorophyll a fluorescence and photosynthesis in the primary leaves of the wheat cultivars at 37?C and 45?C for 8 h. Examination of the 2-D SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the thylakoid membrane proteins from the two wheat cultivars showed that while a heat treatment at 37?C and 45?C did not induce or enhance the synthesis of any protein. While the synthesis of some proteins were repressed when compared to the control temperature cultivars, the photosynthetic responses of Karacadag were less altered than Firat to the effect that; Karacadag showed lower reduction in the chlorophyll content, FV and FV/FM parameters where the F0 parameter only increased in the Firat cultivar at 45?C. Therefore, Karacadag was determined to be a heat tolerant cultivar that can be used for cultivation in warmer regions.
Keywords: Chlorophyll a fluorescence, heat stress, Triticum, 2-D electrophoretic analysis.
Efeoglu B, Serpil Terzioglu S (2009) Photosynthetic responses of two wheat varieties to high temperature. EurAsia J BioSci 3, 13, 97-106.
DOI:10.5053/ejobios.2009.3.0.13
*Corresponding author: efeoglu_b@ibu.edu.tr
The present study investigated the embryonic and larval development of Indian catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis from fertilization until metamorphosis. The fully matured eggs and sperm were obtained by artificial insemination. The fertilized eggs were demersal, non-adhesive, spherical, and brownish green in color. The average diameter of the fertilized eggs ranged from 1.30 to 1.50 mm. The incubation period was from 23-24 h at an average temperature of 29?1oC. The newly hatched larva were 2.5?0.2 mm in length. The yolk absorption was completed within three days after hatching. The aerial breathing behaviour of the larvae was observed 10 days after hatching. The larva resembled the adult in its external features and was metamorphosed to young juveniles within 20 d post-hatching.
Keywords: Development, embryo, Heteropneustes fossilis, larva, metamorphosis.
Puvaneswari S, Marimuthu K, Karuppasamy R, Haniffa MA (2009) Early embryonic and larval development of Indian catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis. EurAsia J BioSci 3, 12, 84-96.
DOI:10.5053/ejobios.2009.3.0.12
*Corresponding author: aquamuthu2k@yahoo.com
The seed dormancy of Prangos ferulaceae (Apiaceae) has been studied with treatment the seeds by soaking, scarification, cold and warm stratification, alternating temperatures and GA3. Our results showed that the seeds dormancy can be broken by cold stratification at 5?C and 12?C which induced germination up to 35 and 40%, respectively. Alternating temperatures (15/6?C) promote germination only to 15%. Scarification, soaking, warm stratification and GA3 had no significant effects on seed germination. It has been found that light inhibits seed germination and the seeds have a negative photoblasticity. It has also been shown that cold temperatures promote the growth of the undeveloped embryo of the plant. After 10 weeks stratification of the seeds at 5?C, the embryo length increased 200%. In conclusion, it is obvious that, the seeds of P. ferulaceae have morphophysiologic dormancy.
Keywords: Dormancy, Prangos ferulaceae, seed germination, stratification.
Razavi SM, Hajiboland R(2009) Dormancy breaking and germination of Prangos ferulaceae seeds. EurAsia J BioSci 3, 11, 78-83.
DOI:10.5053/ejobios.2009.3.0.11
*Corresponding author: razavi694@gmail.com
Here we report the biochemical composition and antibacterial activities of the leaves and flowers of four Lantana camara (Verbanaceae) plants with yellow, lavender, red, and white flowers. Three out of the four plants showed almost similar carbohydrates and lipid compositions. The levels of carbohydrates (mg/g dry weight) in the flowers were comparatively higher than in the leaves and the lipids content was relatively higher in the leaves except L. camara lavender and white. In lavender L. camara the amount of the total carbohydrates was very low. Proteins extracted from the leaves and flowers were subjected to electrophoresis. Electrophoresis of leaf proteins revealed similarity among L. camara yellow, red, and white flowers while that of flowers proteins showed similarity between L. camara yellow, lavender, red, and white. Extracts of leaves and flowers obtained with ethyl acetate were studied for antibacterial activities. Leaf and flower ethyl acetate extracts exhibited considerable antibacterial activities against the bacteria used where the value of zone of inhibition ranged from 10-21 and 9-15 mm, respectively. For flower and leaf ethyl acetate extracts, the zone of inhibition (mm) measured ranged from 10-21 and 9-15 mm, respectively. Thus, the study of the biochemical parameters viz., lipids, carbohydrates and proteins has revealed similarity among the four different L camara. However, antibacterial activities vary from one L. camara to the other and also according to the type of tissue used.
Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Lantana camara, zone of inhibition.
Ganjewala D, Sam S, Khan KH (2009) Biochemical compositions and antibacterial activities of Lantana camara plants with yellow, lavender, red and white flowers. EurAsia J BioSci 3, 10, 69-77.
DOI:10.5053/ejobios.2009.3.0.10
The genus, Hymenocrater, belongs to the plant family Lamiaceae which contains eleven shrub species, of which H. calycinus belonges and grows wildly in Northeastern Iran. From the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the flowered aerial parts of Hymenocrater calycinus, four compounds were isolated using chromatographic methods and identified by spectroscopic data (MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR, HMQC, HMBC and 1H-1H COSY). The effect of rosmarinic acid, as the main component in our study was applied to Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger by the broth dilution method. Isolated compounds were identified as β-sitosterol (1), ursolic acid (2), rosmarinic acid (3) and quercetin-3-O- rutinoside (4). The results of our assay against bacteria and fungi show that, romarinic acid has an antifungal property against Candida albicans (MIC, 250 µg mL-1).
Keywords: Antifungal activity, Hymenocrater calycinus, quercetin-3-O- rutinoside, rosmarinic acid, ursolic acid, β-sitosterol.
Gohari AR, Saeidnia S, Shahverdi AR, Yassa N, Malmir M, Mollazade K, Naghinejad AR (2009) Phytochemistry and antimicrobial compounds of Hymenocrater calycinus. EurAsia J BioSci 3, 9, 64-68
DOI:10.5053/ejobios.2009.3.0.9
*Corresponding author: goharii_a@sina.tums.ac.ir
In this study, the antimicrobial activity of Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae grown on various agro-wastes were investigated. The antimicrobial activity from the extract of P. eryngii var. ferulae which was obtained from various culture medium was evaluated according to the disk diffusion method by using Bacillus megaterium DSM 32, Staphylococcus aureus COWAN 1, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae FMC 5, Candida albicans FMC 17, Candida glabrata ATCC 66032, Trichophyton spp., and Epidermophyton spp. At the end of the experimental studies, the methyl alcohol extracts of P. eryngii var. ferulae were shown to inhibit to different degrees the growth of microorganisms to (7.7-10.3 mm) also, mushroom extracts have a lower antimicrobial activity as to a comparison antibiotic (13.0-18.0 mm).
Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, pathogen microorganisms, Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae.
Akyuz M, Kirbag S (2009) Antimicrobial activity of Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae grown on various agro-wastes. EurAsia J BioSci 3, 8, 58-63.
DOI:10.5053/ejobios.2009.3.0.8
*Corresponding author: mehmetaky210@hotmail.com
The biochemical basis of host plant resistance for shoot and fruit borer of brinjal was investigated using selected genotypes from the back crosses involving cultivated brinjal varieties and Solanum viarum. The different levels of biochemical constituents namely peroxidase, poly phenol oxidase, total phenols, and solasodine contents were observed in genotypes derived from inter-specific crosses and their parents. A higher level of poly phenol oxidase activity was observed in interspecific cross F6 EP65 x S. viarum. There was a clear correlation between the levels of biochemical constituents and shoot and fruit borer incidence. This study showed the biochemical parameters responsible for the resistance but showed as well the development of superior genotypes with resistance to shoot and fruit borer.
Keywords: Leucinodes orbonalis, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, Solanum melongena, solasodine.
Prabhu M, Natarajan S, Veeraragavathatham D, Pugalendhi L (2009) The biochemical basis of shoot and fruit borer resistance in interspecific progenies of brinjal (Solanum melongena). EurAsia J BioSci 3, 7, 50-57.
DOI:10.5053/ejobios.2009.3.0.7
*Corresponding author: muprabhu2000@yahoo.com
The present paper deals with vegetation structure and community patterns within and between various plant communities in Tehri dam submergence zone in Garhwal, west Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India. The submergence zone (SZ) comprises of two valleys, i.e. Bhagirathi submergence zone (BGSZ) and Bhilangna submergence zone (BLSZ). Four major plant communities were identified in both the submergence zones with varied associations through TWINSPAN. Most of the communities are similar in both the submergence zones, while their associations altered due to micro-climatic variations. The species richness and diversity was high in most of the sites in Bhagirathi SZ compared to Bhilangna SZ, where species richness and diversity were more or less similar in most of the sites. The evenness values in most of the sites indicate that species were distributed evenly in Bhagirathi SZ, while heterogeneously in most of the sites in Bhilangna SZ. However, the rate of species change, i.e. ??-diversity was higher in Bhilangna SZ compared to Bhagirathi SZ. The biomass of Lantana (74.5%) was high for entire submergence zone compared to Carissa (25.4%), of the total available biomass for both species. However, the extraction was more for Carissa (2.2%) as compared to Lantana (1.2%), of the total biomass of each species.
Keywords: Biomass, diversity, plant community composition, submergence zone, Tehri Dam.
Adhikari BS, Uniyal SK, Rawat GS (2009) Vegetation structure and community patterns of Tehri Dam Submergence Zone, Uttarakhand, India. EurAsia J BioSci 3, 6, 40-49.
DOI:10.5053/ejobios.2009.3.0.6
*Corresponding author: adhikaribs@wii.gov.in
In the present study, 286 plant specimens were collected and identified from Yılanlı Mountain region. In additonally 107 taxa, belonging to 18 families and 52 genera, were found. Among these 12 liverworts species were defined. In addition 29 taxa are new records for square C11 according to the Henderson (1961) grid system.
Keywords: Bryophyte, flora, Turkey.
Tonguc Yayintas O (2009) A contribution to the bryophyte flora of southwestern Turkey: Bryophyte flora of Yilanli Mountain (Mugla-Turkey). EurAsia J BioSci 3, 5, 29-39.
DOI:10.5053/ejobios.2009.3.0.5
*Corresponding author: ozlemyayintas@hotmail.com
Zosima absinthifolia is a perennial herb which is distributed from Turkey to East Asia and Iran. It`s fruits are used as a food spice in Iran and Turkey. In this work, we will study some biological activities of the fruits of the plant. The MTT assay indicated that methanol extract of the plant exhibited significant cytotoxic effects. In the DPPH assay, the extract showed high antioxidant potential with an RC50 value of 143.5 µg mL-1. In the disc diffusion assay, the methanol extract was found to have a significant antibacterial effect against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts displayed phytotoxic properties in the lettuce assay.
Keywords: Antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, phytotoxic, Zosima absinthifolia.
Razavi SM, Ghasemiyan A, Salehi S, Zahri F (2009) Screening of biological activity of Zosima absinthifolia fruits extracts. EurAsia J BioSci 3, 4, 25-28.
DOI:10.5053/ejobios.2009.3.0.4
Production of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is often limited by the low availability of soil phosphorus (P). Bean genotypes differ in their P efficiency, dry matter production and partitioning under low P availability. Two genotypes of bean were used in this study cv. Carioca (CNF 0554) with indeterminate growth habit (GH) and small seeds and cv. Prince (commercially available) with a determinate GH and large seeds. Plants were grown in a solution culture with either a non-limiting or low P supply and harvested at two occasions to measure dry matter production (DM), DM partitioning, and growth parameters. The determinate genotype produced a higher DM than the indeterminate genotype, due to the larger seeds. At low P supply increased the root dry weight and decreased the leaf and stem dry weight. No effect was detected on the total DM. The DM partitioning follows the same pattern as DM production. Carioca invests less dry matter in the stem, and more dry matter in the root. Low P availability also reduced the leaf area (LA), leaf area ratio (LAR) and specific leaf area (SLA). Growth was affected differently between the genotypes by low P. There was a reduction in relative growth rates (RGR) and net assimilation rates (NAR) for Carioca, but no effect was found in Prince. A genetic variation for P response exists in bean genotypes with different growth habits.
Keywords: Carbon partitioning, growth, Phaseolus vulgaris, phosphorus deficiency.
Boutraa T (2009) Growth and carbon partitioning of two genotypes of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) grown with low phosphorus availability. EurAsia J BioSci 3, 3, 17-24.
DOI:10.5053/ejobios.2009.3.0.3
*Corresponding author: tboutraa@yahoo.co.uk
Stomatal oscillation has been described as an efficient mechanism to prevent water from loss, decrease the transpiration rate and to improve water use efficiency under severe drought conditions. Former researches demonstrated that ABA-induced H2O2 production and H2O2-activated Ca2+ channels were important mechanism for ABA-induced stomatal oscillation. In this study, how sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA) regulates stomatal oscillation was investigated with Arabidopsis thaliana mutants (abi1-1, insensitive to ABA and era1-2, hypersensitive to ABA) and wild type. The results showed that (1) hypersensitive to ABA strengthen stomatal oscillation and closure induced by ABA; (2) insensitive to ABA abolish stomatal oscillation and closure induced by ABA; and (3) there is positive relationship between stomatal oscillation, closure and sensitivity to abscisic acid. These data indicate that sensitivity to ABA may regulate stomatal oscillation and closure in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Keywords: Abscisic acid, Arabidopsis thaliana, leaf epidermal, rapid exchange treatment, stomatal oscillation.
Zhang H, Qiu MQ, Wang GX, Gan Y, Zheng KF, Yao XG (2009) The effect of sensitivity to abscisic acid on stomatal behaviour in Arabidopsis thaliana. EurAsia J BioSci 3, 2, 10-16.
DOI:10.5053/ejobios.2009.3.0.2
*Corresponding author: zhanghaozju@126.com
In this study, Ocimum sanctum plants were treated with paclobutrazol (PBZ) and Abscissic acid (ABA) to analyze the changes in the enzymatic and non–enzymatic antioxidant responses. Non–enzymatic antioxidants like ascorbic acid decreased in the ABA treated plants. But it increased in the PBZ treated plants. Although both PBZ and ABA treatments considerably increased the α–tocopherol content, it was more in the PBZ treated plants. Enzymatic antioxidants like ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were also increased by the treatments. Catalase activity was increased by both growth regulators to a significant extent when compared with the control plants. In conclusion, our results indicated that the PBZ and ABA applications at low concentrations could be used as potential tools to increase defense mechanisms in medicinal plants.
Keywords: Abscisic acid, antioxidant, ascorbate peroxidates, ascorbic acid, catalase, Ocimum sanctum, paclobutrazol, α-tocopherol.
Nair VD, Jaleel CA, Gopi R, Gomathinayagam M, Panneerselvam R (2009) Antioxidant potential of Ocimum sanctum under growth regulator treatments. EurAsia J BioSci 3, 1, 1-9.
DOI:10.5053/ejobios.2009.3.0.1
*Corresponding author: abdul79jaleel@rediffmail.com
In this study we present a method for the extraction of genomic DNA from the different tissues of the Pepper (Capsicum annuum). A standard protocol of Dellaporta was reviewed and modified for DNA extraction from the preserved tissues of the Capsicum sample which was believed to contain high level of polysaccharides. The modified protocol employed yielded a high quality DNA and was found to be suitable for PCR and RAPD analyses. The procedure was also found to be reliable and suitable where some materials are not available and does not require phenol-chloroform extraction. The method also allowed for the preservation of plant tissues for some days from a locality where storage facilities are not accessible. We also discovered that irrespective of the sources of tissues, a good quality DNA was obtained. The quantity of DNA produced from the fleshy mesocarp tissue was more than the quantity obtained from the seeds of the same weight, this is probably due to the hard nature of the seeds and there may have been no complete breakdown of the cell wall to release the cellular contents.
Keywords: Capsicum, genomic, mesocarp, pepper, polysaccharides.
Ogunkanmi AL, Oboh B, Onifade B, Ogunjobi A, Taiwo A, Ogundipe OT (2008) An improved method of extracting genomic DNA from preserved tissues of Capsicum annuum for PCR amplification. EurAsia J BioSci 2, 14, 115-119.
www.ejobios.com/content/2/14/115-119
*Corresponding author: bayogun2000@yahoo.com
Sinews is a pasty proteinaceous by-product discharged from a primary bone clarification tank in the ossein industry, which was mixed with cattle dung in different proportions at ambient temperature. This study found that a mixture of sinews (40%) and cattle dung (60%) was more appropriate for enhanced methane yields with a high efficacy on anaerobic degradation. A maximum cumulative biogas production volume (18 L) with 71-77% methane content was obtained even with more parts of the sinews were used as a substrate. The best biogas production yield was 23.4 L biogas/kg TVS added, revealed the suitability of the sinews mixture (40%) in the biomethanation process. In addition, the pH of each digester was not shifted to alkaline which was constantly maintained within optimal range during the course of digestion. Perhaps, this alternate strategy will be helpful for managing the odor produced from sinews during bulk storage.
Keywords: Biogas co-digestion, methane, ossein industry waste, stickland pathway.
Pualchamy C, Dharmaraj P, Laxmanan U (2008) A preliminary study on co-digestion of ossein industry waste for methane production. EurAsia J BioSci 2, 13, 110-114.
www.ejobios.com/content/2/13/110-114
*Corresponding author: pchellapandi@gmail.com
The investigation was carried out to assess the comparative efficacy of sulphate of potash (SOP) and muriate of motash (MOP) to improve the growth, yield and quality of the Robusta banana through enhanced physiological processes. The chlorophyll content, relative water content, NRase activity, soluble protein, photosynthetic efficacy and gas exchange characters were found to be higher with 150 per cent of the recommended potassium (K) using SOP. The treatment T9 i.e. potassium application at the 150 per cent level as sulphate of potash had a higher total dry matter production, reflecting on the maximum bunch weight coupled with quality. The results clearly indicated the benefit of SOP in increasing the bunch size with better quality fruits, and hence it is recommended to integrate SOP in banana nutrition, by supplying a recommended dose of K through SOP at 2, 4, 6 and 8 months after planting.
Keywords: Banana, physiological parameters, quality, source of potassium, sulphate of potash, yield.
Kumar AR, Kumar M (2008) Studies on the efficacy of sulphate of potash (SOP) on physiological, yield and quality parameters of banana cv. Robusta (Cavendish- AAA). EurAsia J BioSci 2, 11, 102-109.
www.ejobios.com/content/2/12/102-109
*Corresponding author: rameshort@yahoo.com
The basic purpose of the submitted work was studying the taxonomical structure, the floristic and phytogeographical analysis of the Lenkoran–Lerik region geophytes, introduction of perspective species to the Central Botanical Garden and their rational uses. Plant collections were carried out within 2004 trough 2007 and during the two periods and as a result of researches for the first time the distribution of 163 species of geophytes, belonging to 30 families and 65 genera were found. Geophytes, meeting in region, are grouped as follows: 68 bulbous species, 61 tuber roots, 28 rhizomes and 6 corms. Among them 18 species are Caucasian and 17 are Azerbaijan endemic plants, with 14 geophyte species of the Mediterranean element, 29 species of Iranio–Turanian and 21 species of Hirkan elements. It has been found that 2 species are critically endangered (CR), 11 species are endangered (EN) and 20 species are vulnerable (VU), also actions for their protection and restoration are offered.
Keywords: Azerbaijan, endemic, geophytes, Lenkoran–Lerik, rare and endangered species, taxonomy.
Selimov R (2008) Some geophytes identified around the Lenkoran and Lerik (Azerbaijan) region. EurAsia J BioSci 2, 11, 91–101.
www.ejobios.com/content/2/11/91–101
In order to study the effectiveness of brassinosteroids on the amelioration of the inhibitory effect of salinity on pepper plants, a short-term experiment was conducted in greenhouse to test different concentrations of 24-epibrassinolide (0.0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mg L-1) by foliar application on growth, relative water contents and chlorophyll fluorescence of pepper (capsicum annuum L. cv Beldi.) plants irrigated with salt water (0.4 g L-1 NaCl). Salt decreases the different parameters of growth. However, its effects were more pronounced on the shoot than root growth. An exogenous supply of 24-epibrassinolide was found to be successful in alleviating of the inhibitory effects of salt stress on shoot growth parameters and the leaf relative water contents. However, non-significant effect of 24-epibrassinolide was observed on root growth and chlorophyll fluorescence. Out of the five concentrations, the effects of 0.5 mg L-1 proved the best under stress conditions.
Keywords: Chlorophyll fluorescence, 24-epibrassinolide, growth, relative water contents, salt stress.
Houimli SM, Denden M, El Hadj SB (2008) Induction of salt tolerance in pepper (Capsicum annuum) by 24-epibrassinolide. EurAsia J BioSci 2, 10, 83-90.
www.ejobios.com/content/2/10/83-90
*Corresponding author: h.samira@laposte.net
The focus of this study was the in vitro antimicrobial activities of Streptomycetes, bacteria commonly found in soil and known antibiotic-producers. Streptomycete isolates obtained from different fields in Muğla, Turkey were evaluated for their inhibitory activities on seven microorganisms including multiple antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Fifteen Streptomycete isolates which exhibited antimicrobial activity against at least two of the test organisms were characterized by conventional methods. The results indicated that five isolates were highly active against S. aureus strains including meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Twelve Streptomycete isolates showed anticandidal activity against Candida albicans. Ten isolates were highly active with an inhibition zone more than 30 mm in diameter. Most of the isolates inhibited growth of the Gram negative bacteria tested. Eight isolates showed antibacterial activity on S. maltophilia MU64. The inhibition zones of two were higher than 30 mm for S. maltophilia.
Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, microorganism, Streptomycete.
Ceylan O, Okmen G, Ugur A (2008) Isolation of soil Streptomyces as source antibiotics active against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. EurAsia J BioSci 2, 9, 73-82.
www.ejobios.com/content/2/9/73-82
*Corresponding author: ozgceylan@hotmail.com
The present study deals with the floristic richness of the sacred groves of Agastheeshwaram, Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India It covers an area of ca. 2.6 ha. Altogether 98 angiospermic species from 87 genera and 43 families were enumerated from the sacred grove. Of these 80.67% species were used as medicine, 6.12% having timber value and 10.20% species were used as minor forest produce by the local inhabitants of the study area. Some rare, endangered and endemic plants are confined from this grove only. The attendant cultural rites and religious rituals have perpetuated the status of a sacred grove, which has ensured the protection of the grove vegetation.
Keywords: Angiosperms, endemic, Kanyakumari, medicinal plants, sacred grove, vegetation.
Sukumaran S, Jeeva S (2008) A floristic study on miniature sacred forests at Agastheeshwaram, southern peninsular India. EurAsia J BioSci 2, 8, 66-72.
www.ejobios.com/content/2/8/66-72
*Corresponding author: solomonjeeva@gmail.com
Transgenic plants of groundnut (Arachis hypogeae) cv. TMV-2 expressing a chimeric Bt gene, cry1X were generated using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens - mediated transformation system. A tissue culture-independent in planta transformation method which targets the A. tumefaciens to the apical meristem has been used in this study. The protocol involves in planta inoculation of embryo axes of germinating seeds and allowing them to grow into seedlings ex vitro. PCR analysis indicated the putative transgenic nature of the T1 generation plants. Bioassays against two major pests of groundnut, Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura revealed several T1 plants to perform well against both the larvae. This apparently revealed 22% of T1 plants harboring the transgene. The seeds of 27 T1 plants when continued into the next generation amplified the gene of interest in most of the plants tested. ELISA identified the high expressing plants. The appearance of the protein band in the quickstix confirmed the expression of the chimeric Bt toxin. Southern analysis of 10 high expressing plants confirmed the integration of the transgene. These results suggest that the chimeric Bt gene was functional in transgenic groundnut and was expressing. The study also showed that the groundnut plants harboring cry1X gene were resistant to two major insect defoliators of groundnut.
Keywords: Arachis hypogeae, Helicoverpa armigera, transformation, transgenics, in-planta, tissue culture- independent plant regeneration, synthetic cry gene, Spodoptera litura.
Entoori K, Sreevathsa R, Arthik MK, Kumar PA, Amrita Raja Kumar V, Madhusudhan B, Makarla U (2008) A chimeric cry1X gene imparts resistance to Spodoptera litura (Fabricus) and Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in transgenic groundnut. EurAsia J BioSci 2, 7, 53-65.
www.ejobios.com/content/2/7/53-65
*Corresponding author: udayakumar_m@yahoo.com
In the present investigation, three different triazole compounds such as triadimefon (TDM), paclobutrazol (PBZ) and propiconazole (PCZ) were used to study their effects on the leaf anatomical characteristics in the Amorphophallus campanulatus plants. The triazole treated leaves showed several variations in leaf thickness, number of stomata, stomatal pore length, width of stomata, number of spongy cells, palisade cells and number of chloroplast per palisade and spongy cells when compared to leaves of untreated control plants. From the results of this experiment, it can be concluded that, the triazoles appeared to show an impact on anatomical characteristics of A. campanulatus.
Keywords: Amorphophallus campanulatus, leaf anatomy, paclobutrazol, propiconazole, triadimefon.
Gopi R, Jaleel CA, Panneerselvam R (2008) Leaf anatomical responses of Amorphophallus campanulatus to triazoles fungicides. EurAsia J BioSci 2, 6, 46-52.
www.ejobios.com/content/2/6/46-52
Enoplognatha caricis has been discovered for the first time in Turkey. The characteristic features are presented, in adition to the geographical distribution of the species.
Keywords: Araneae, Theridiidae, addition, Turkey.
Kunt KB, Yagmur AE (2008) A new addition for the araneofauna of Turkey: Enoplognatha caricis (Araneae: Theridiidae). EurAsia J BioSci 2, 5, 43-45.
www.ejobios.com/content/2/5/43-45
*Corresponding author: kbkunt@gmail.com
The rhizosphere is a biologically active zone of the soil around plant roots. Root-microorganism interaction in the rhizosphere can be beneficial to the plant, the microorganisms or to neither of them. Which factors affect the interactions between plants and microorganisms within this crowded rhizosphere? In order to investigate their interaction, the contrasted tests were carried out in this paper. The plants across the nitrogen gradient were incubated with microorganisms or without microorganisms. Results showed that nitrogen might play an active role in root-microorganism communication, and thus have an important effect on plant growth. With no nitrogen nutrient medium, microorganisms did not affect plants growth obviously and the statistical interaction intensity of plant-microorganism approached zero. However, with low level of nitrogen nutrient medium and optimal nitrogen nutrient medium, plant biomass in sterile soil was more than plant biomass in non-sterile soil. The interaction intensity of plant-microorganism appeared negative. With high level of nitrogen nutrient medium, plants grown in non-sterile soil had better growth over plants grown in sterile soil. The interaction intensity of plant-microorganism appeared positive. Additionally, plant growth significantly increased the microorganism biomass both in the sterile soil and non-sterile soil.
Keywords: Interaction, nitrogen, plant-microorganism, rhizosphere, soil.
Qiu M-Q, Zhang H, Wang G-X, Liu Z-Q (2008) Effects of nitrogen on plant-microorganism interaction. EurAsia J BioSci 2, 4, 34-42.
www.ejobios.com/content/2/4/34-42
*Corresponding author: qiumuqing@126.com
A field study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphorus levels (100, 150 and 200 kg) for increasing biomass yield and ajmalicine content in a medicinal plant (Catharanthus roseus). The plants treated with 150 and 200 kg P2O5/ha along with AMF had the maximum plant height, number of leaves, root biomass, phosphorus content, root colonization, spore count and ajmalicine content 120 days after planting when compared with the control plants. The results suggested that these treatments could be recommended for enhancing biomass and alkaloid content in C. roseus.
Keywords: Ajmalicine, AM fungi, Catharanthus roseus, phosphorus.
Karthikeyan B, Jaleel CA, Changxing Z, Joe MM, Srimannarayan J, Deiveekasundaram M (2008) The effect of AM fungi and phosphorous level on the biomass yield and ajmalicine production in Catharanthus roseus. EurAsia J BioSci 2, 3, 26-33.
www.ejobios.com/content/2/3/26-33
In order to meet the ever increasing demand for medicinal plants, for the indigenous systems of medicine as well as for the pharmaceutical industry, some medicinal plants need to be cultivated commercially, but the soil salinity, which is prevalent in many parts of the world, pose serious threat to plant production. So it seems valuable, to test the important medicinal plants for their salt tolerance capacity. In the present investigation, experiments were conducted to study the effects of soil salinity on growth and mineral nutrients in Catharanthus roseus plants under pot culture. The plants were treated with different concentrations of NaCl, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM on 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after sowing (DAS). Salinity affected all the morphological parameters and decreased the growth performance. The mineral contents (nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, manganese and zinc) were analysed from treated as well as the control plants. All the treatments altered the mineral contents when compared to the untreated control plants but a significant change was found in 50 mM NaCl concentration, in which the levels of some minerals increased. Tissue sodium uptake was determined for all the treated plants and was found to have increased to a significant level when compared to the untreated plants.
Keywords: Catharanthus roseus, growth, minerals, salinity.
Jaleel CA, Gopi R, Manivannan P, Panneerselvam R (2008) Soil salinity alters the morphology in Catharanthus roseus and its effects on endogenous mineral constituents. EurAsia J BioSci 2, 2, 18-25.
www.ejobios.com/content/2/2/18-25
In this study, the vascular flora of the Boztepe Protected Forest Area (Unye-Ordu) which is located in the central part of the Black Sea Region was investigated in 1995-1996 and 2000-2001. As a result of the plant collections during the two periods a detailed floristic analysis of 355 different taxa belonging to 230 genera and 78 families was found. Distribution of the taxa according to the phytogeographical regions are follows: 38.62% Euro-Siberian, 5.30% Mediterranean, 3.09% Irano-Turanian, and 48.70% pluriregionals. The endemism rate is 1.41%.
Keywords: Flora, Turkey, Unye.
Korkmaz H, Yalcin E, Berk E (2008) An investigation on the floristic characteristics of the Boztepe Protected Forest Area (Unye-Ordu). EurAsia J BioSci 2, 1, 1-17.
www.ejobios.com/content/2/1/1-17
*Corresponding author: hasank@omu.edu.tr
Dr. Ahmet ALTINDAG, Ankara University, Turkey
Dr. Anely M. NEDELCHEVA, Sofia University "St.Kliment Ohridski", Bulgaria
Dr. Asim KADIOGLU, Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey
Dr. Ismail KOCACALISKAN, Dumlupinar University, Turkey
Dr. Iva APOSTOLOVA, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Bulgaria
Dr. Kemal SOLAK, Gazi University, Turkey
Dr. Kurt FAGERSTEDT, Helsinki University, Finland
Dr. Stefanska IVANCHEVA, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Bulgaria
The mountain system Starovlaške Planine, which includes Mt. Zlatar, is located at the transition line between the plant-geographical Moesian and the Illyric Provinces. This mountain massif of south-western Serbia has a specific floristic and vegetation composition. The cumulative relationships of the general ecological factors of both pre- and post-diluvium periods have formed special conditions for the development of plant species and communities.The purpose of this investigation was to examine the floristic diversity of the above mentioned region. This is very important for the conservation of flora in Serbia in particular, and the Balkan Peninsula in general. After having collected the plant species, the determination was performed using standard floristic methods. The flora of Mt. Zlatar consists of cca 856 identified species, which taxonomically belong to 92 families and 370 genera. The study of flora indicates that there are 38 significant and rare species and 12 relicts and endemics. According to the plant-geographical analysis, 61 different geoelements were recorded. Based on this data, it was determined that the Moesian Province has the greater impact on the flora on Mt. Zlatar than the Illyric Province.
Keywords: Floristic diversity, plant geographic characteristics, Zlatar.
Obratov-Petkovic D, Popovic I, Dajic-Stevanovic Z (2007) Diversity of the vascular flora of Mt. Zlatar (Southwest Serbia). EurAsia J BioSci 1, 5, 35-47.
www.ejobios.com/content/1/5/35-34
*Corresponding author: dragica.obratov-petkovic@ikomline.net
In this study; 23 selected plant species belonging to the Lamiaceae family, used in traditional treatments, were collected from different localities of Mugla, dried and extracted with ethanol using the soxhlet extraction apparatus. The antimicrobial activities of the plant extracts on the various test microorganisms, including multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria, were investigated. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts were determined by the disc diffusion method. Test microorganisms were; 7 Gram positive, 7 Gram negative bacteria and Candida albicans. Also different standart antibiotic discs were used for comparison for the inhibition zones. The antimicrobial activities of the ethanolic extracts of Salvia verbenaca, Teucrium chamaedrys ssp. lydium, Teucrium divaricatum ssp. villosum, Teucrium polium, Stachys annua ssp. annua var. annua, Sideritis albiflora, Sideritis leptoclada and Prunella vulgaris demonstrated the inhibition effects against Gram positive bacteria including multiple antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus strains. The ethanolic extract of S. leptoclada was the most effective extract. On the contrary, all of the ethanolic extracts were not effective on Gram negative bacteria and C. albicans. The ethanolic extracts of the plants, which inhibited the bacteria, mostly inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, MU 38, MU 44 and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Even the inhibition zone of S. leptoclada on S. aureus ATCC 25923 was greater than the inhibition zone of oxacillin on the same bacteria.
Keywords: Antibiotic resistant bacteria, antimicrobial activity, folkloric medicine, Lamiaceae.
Sarac N, Ugur A (2007) Antimicrobial activities and usage in folkloric medicine of some Lamiaceae species growing in Mugla, Turkey. EurAsia J BioSci 1, 4, 28-34.
www.ejobios.com/content/1/4/28-34
*Corresponding author: ayselugur@hotmail.com
In this study, native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Native-PAGE) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) were applied to the serum proteins of Leuciscus cephalus, Acanthobrama marmid and Chondrostoma regium (Cyprinidae) fish taken from) the Karakaya Dam (Malatya, Turkey). The electrophoregrams showed that there were similarities and differences in the molecular weight (MW) of the serum proteins among the three species. In the Native-PAGE, the total number of serum protein bands of Leuciscus cephalus, Acanthobrama marmid and Chondrostoma regium were 5, 8, 7, respectively. In the SDS-PAGE, 13 protein bands were obtained in Leuciscus cephalus, 11 in Acanthobrama marmid and 11 in Chondrostoma regium. In the electrophoregrams obtained from native-PAGE, the MW of the protein bands were found to be different in the fish species except the 80.3 kD protein band which was detected in the three fish species. In the SDS-PAGE, the protein band of 21.7 kD was observed in the three fish species. Protein bands of 63.4, 52.3 and 49.5 kD were present only in Leuciscus cephalus and Chondrostoma regium. On the other hand, it was seen that other protein bands had similar molecular weights.
Keywords: Fish, native-PAGE, SDS-PAGE, serum proteins, taxonomy.
Yilmaz M, Yilmaz HR, Alas A (2007) An electrophoretic taxonomic study on serum proteins of Acanthobrama marmid, Leuciscus cephalus, and Chondrostoma regium. EurAsia J BioSci 1, 3, 22-27.
www.ejobios.com/content/1/3/22-27
*Corresponding author: muhittinylmaz@gmail.com
In this work, antagonism among abscisic acid preventing seedling growth and germination of barley and radish seeds and gibberellic acid, kinetin, benzyladenine, ethylene, brassinosteroid, triacontanol and polyamines (cadaverine, putrescine, spermidine, spermine) was studied. Although many stimulators mentioned were not able to overcome the radicle elongation-preventive effect of abscisic acid, the seeds reached 100% germination in this hormone medium. In the seedlings of barley, only benzyladenine, kinetin and gibberellic acid alleviated abscisic acid inhibition on coleoptile emergence and elongation. As for radish, all the stimulators except triacontanol could not overcome abscisic acid inhibition of hypocotyl elongation, while they promoted hypocotyl emergence. The barrier of abscisic acid on the fresh weight of the seedlings was passed by all the stimulators at varying levels. But, only benzyladenine was partly successful in the case of radish.
Keywords: Abscisic acid, germination, Hordeum vulgare, plant growth regulators, Raphanus sativus, seedling growth.
Cavusoglu K, Kabar K (2007) Comparison of antagonisms between abscisic acid and various growth stimulators during germination of barley and radish seeds. EurAsia J BioSci 1, 2, 11-21.
www.ejobios.com/content/1/2/11-21
*Corresponding author: kursat@fef.sdu.edu.tr
The effects of gibberellic acid, kinetin, benzyladenine, ethylene, 24-epibrassinolide, tri-acontanol and polyamines (cadaverine, putrescine, spermidine, spermine), alone or in combinations, on germination and early seedling growth under high temperature conditions of barley and radish seeds were studied. High temperature both delayed and inhibited the germinations of both the species. Only three of the single applications gibberellic acid, kinetin and 24-epibrassinolide could alleviate the effects of high temperature on germination of barley seeds. All the combinations composed of these three growth regulators removed more successfully this adverse effect on germination. High temperature effect on the germination of radish seeds was overcome by all the pretreatments alone or in combinations to varying degrees. Although the mentioned regulators carried on their success on the early growth of barley seedlings, the regulators used for radish had no effect on the seedlings in general.
Keywords: High temperature stress, plant growth regulator, seed germination, seedling growth.
Cavusoglu K, Kabar K (2007) Comparative effects of some plant growth regulators on the germination of barley and radish seeds under high temperature stress. EurAsia J BioSci
1, 1, 1-10.
www.ejobios.com/content/1/1/1-10
